权威报告

PROHIBITION OF FORCED OR COMPULSORY LABOR

The law prohibits forced and compulsory labor. The law provides a rangeof penalties depending on the circumstances, including imprisonment, criminaldetention, administrative blacklisting, and fines. Penalties were commensuratewith those for analogous serious crimes, such as kidnapping. The law was noteffectively enforced.

The PRC intensified the use of state-sponsored forced labor in detentioncamps, prisons, and factories in and outside Xinjiang. Authorities have detained more than one million ethnic Muslims,including Uyghurs, ethnic Hui, ethnic Kazakhs, ethnic Kyrgyz, ethnic Tajiks,and ethnic Uzbeks in as many as 1,200 “vocational training centers” –internment camps where there was widespread forced labor. The State Councilissued a white paper on employment and labor rights in Xinjiang UyghurAutonomous Region in September 2020, in which it stated that the governmentprovided “vocational training” to an average of 1.29 million workers inXinjiang every year from 2014 to 2019.

强制劳动或强迫劳动的禁止

法律禁止强制和强迫劳动。法律规定了根据情况不同的一系列处罚措施，包括监禁、刑事拘留、行政黑名单和罚款。处罚与绑架等类似严重犯罪的处罚相当。然而，法律并未得到有效执行。中国加大了在拘留营、监狱以及新疆内外的工厂中使用政府支持的强制劳动。有关当局在多达1200个“职业培训中心”——实质上是强制劳动的拘留营中，拘留了超过一百万名少数民族穆斯林，包括维吾尔族、回族、哈萨克族、柯尔克孜族、塔吉克族和乌兹别克族。国务院在2020年9月发布了一份关于新疆维吾尔自治区就业和劳动权利的白皮书，其中指出，从2014年到2019年，政府每年平均为新疆的129万工人提供“职业培训”。

There were also reports of individuals “graduating” from “vocationaltraining centers” and then being compelled to work in adjacent or off-site factoriesproducing garments, footwear, carpets, yarn, textiles, food products, holidaydecorations, building materials, solar power equipment, polysilicon and otherrenewable energy components, consumer electronics, bedding, hair products andaccessories, cleaning supplies, personal protective equipment, face masks,chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and other goods for domestic and internationaldistribution.

Xinjiang government documents indicated the existence of a large-scalePRC government plan, known as the “mutual pairing assistance” program, where atleast 19 cities and provinces had established factories in Xinjiang. There wassignificant risk that these factories were using camp labor and otherexploitative labor practices.

还有报道称，有人在“职业培训中心”毕业后被迫在邻近或异地工厂工作，这些工厂生产服装、鞋类、地毯、纱线、纺织品、食品、节日装饰品、建筑材料、太阳能设备、多晶硅及其他可再生能源组件、消费电子产品、床上用品、头发产品及配件、清洁用品、个人防护设备、口罩、化学品、药品及其他用于国内和国际分销的商品。

新疆政府文件显示存在一个大规模的中国政府计划，称为“对口支援”项目，至少有19个城市和省份在新疆建立了工厂。这些工厂存在使用营地劳工和其他剥削性劳动做法的重大风险。

消息来源：美国国务院人权报告

U.S. Department of State (.gov)